{"id":2361,"date":"2011-11-01T08:01:00","date_gmt":"2011-11-01T08:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/?p=2361"},"modified":"2026-10-19T10:10:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T10:10:41","slug":"grademark-socio-technical-change-in-mediated-writing-assessment-tools-a-call-for-critical-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/?p=2361","title":{"rendered":"GradeMark: Socio-Technical Change in Mediated Writing Assessment Tools A Call for Critical Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Originally published on:<\/strong> November 1, 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A new academic year can present opportunities for faculty to investigate and implement electronic teaching and learning resources that may assist with one of the most time-consuming aspects of instruction \u2013 assessment of our students\u2019 written work.\u00a0 In Rhetoric and Composition and in other disciplines, formative assessment tools are frequently used since our students are engaged in the \u201ccomplex performance of writing\u201d (Kalantzis et al., 2011), which is an integrative process involving the presentation of arguments, reasons, evidence, and consultation with theories for research purposes.\u00a0 This \u201ccomplex performance\u201d also means our students are producing written products across a variety of subject areas that require working in \u201ccommunities of practice\u201d or \u201cdiscourse communities\u201d (Lave et al., 1991) to achieve higher-order thinking skills (Etkina et al., 2005).\u00a0 A technology-mediated assessment tool capable of canvassing such an academically rich environment is yet to evolve.\u00a0 <em>Turnitin.com\u2019s GradeMark, PeerMark <\/em>and<em> WriteCheck <\/em>are some of the digitized tools that have become prominent fixtures in higher education.\u00a0 As these mechanized teaching resources proliferate, we must consider critically to what extent they are improving the assessment process while also fostering an environment in which our students are learning. Emphasis should be placed on the type and quality of feedback students receive for their written work.\u00a0 Accordingly, in what ways can digitized writing assessment tools provide clear learning objectives while also interpreting student performance? Are digitized assessment tools presenting false expectations for instructors and students? These are valid concerns that appeal to various stakeholders.\u00a0 In this increasingly digitized environment, many instructors have moved away from paper and pen assessment, but where are we going? As educators, it is our responsibility to investigate assumptions about digitally mediated writing assessment technologies to determine what these resources can actually do to promote learning and critical reflection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This fall, I became reacquainted with <em>GradeMark, <\/em>a Turnitin.com application that has removed the drudgery of downloading and saving papers as MS Word files to my computer\u2019s hard drive.&nbsp; <em>GradeMark<\/em>\u2019s digital environment allows instructors to access a student\u2019s paper as well as comment and assign grades in one location.&nbsp; Some of the other highlights of this electronic assessment tool include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ample space to write general comments about the student\u2019s paper.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A rubric feature, a very nice addition for faculty who opt for such a document to accompany the first draft comments or final graded paper;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consistent use of relevant terms when common errors occur;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A digital work environment our students are already familiar and comfortable with;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Help with identifying issues in language, grammar, and punctuation through accumulated reports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>General Comments <\/em>shown in the graphic below were designed to help the student recognize how argumentative writing involves the integration of support to advance claims.\u00a0 Understanding how students conceive writing as a process can also help determine when and how writing knowledge transfer occurs in academic contexts (Lave et al., 1991), legitimizing writing assessment as core teaching and learning objectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"842\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2362\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 1.&nbsp; <em>GradeMark <\/em>Assignment and Formative General Comments <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a rule, writing assessment must be reliable and valid to guide students to critical reflection.\u00a0 Reflection is viewed as a higher-order, meta-cognitive skill our students must become familiar with.\u00a0 Once these skills are acquired, however, they must be assessed.\u00a0 In her text, <em>Reflection in the writing classroom, <\/em>Kathleen Yancey (1998) defines three types of writing reflections:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>reflection-in-action<\/em>, the process of reviewing, projecting, and revising, which takes place within a composing event and the associated texts;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>constructive reflection<\/em>, the process of developing a cumulative, multi-selved, multi-voiced identity, which takes place between and among composing events, and the associated texts; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>reflection-in presentation<\/em>, the process of articulating the relationships between and among the multiple variables of writing and the writer in a specific context for a specific audience, and the associated texts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Yancey is an advocate for instructional methods that encourage students to take ownership of their texts.\u00a0 She claims that instructors have often conscripted the text of their students in an attempt to pass \u201cjudgment\u201d or to assess them.\u00a0 With these points in mind, instructors must design assignments that best convey <em>GradeMark\u2019s<\/em> pedagogical potential.\u00a0 As Turnitin.com and its related applications become more ubiquitous and preferably less punitive, we must encourage our students to see themselves as active stakeholders who can validate our use of these assessment tools since transparency and accountability remain prominent issues in higher education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048\/science\/article\/pii\/S8755461511000284#bbib0175\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Etkina et al. (2005<\/a>). The impact of the cognitive revolution on science learning and teaching, James Royer, Editor, The impact of the cognitive revolution on educational psychology, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, CT (2005).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kalantzis, M., McCarthey, S., Vojak, C., Kline, S. (2011). Technology-Mediated Writing Assessments: Principles and Processes.&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048\/science\/journal\/87554615\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Computers and Composition<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048\/science?_ob=PublicationURL&amp;_hubEid=1-s2.0-S8755461511X00038&amp;_cid=272079&amp;_pubType=JL&amp;view=c&amp;_auth=y&amp;_acct=C000057900&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=2591153&amp;md5=1502304362ae78b32d611b9a8c01cc50\">28(2<\/a>), 79-96.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048\/science\/article\/pii\/S8755461511000284#bbib0280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Lave et al. (1991<\/a>). &nbsp;Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger, Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yancey, K. B. (1998). Reflection in the writing classroom. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originally published on: November 1, 2011 A new academic year can present opportunities for faculty to investigate and implement electronic teaching and learning resources that &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":2981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,182],"tags":[152],"class_list":["post-2361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-assessment-strategies","category-volume-11","tag-issue-4"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/D8S9989_Edit.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/139"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2361"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2982,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2361\/revisions\/2982"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}