{"id":1326,"date":"2015-11-24T12:22:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T12:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/?p=1326"},"modified":"2024-03-24T08:47:15","modified_gmt":"2024-03-24T08:47:15","slug":"learning-together","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/?p=1326","title":{"rendered":"Learning Together"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>In early November I spent a wonderful three days in the Centre for Learning and<br>Teaching. The highlights of my visit were my conversations with colleagues, a<br>cross-disciplinary seminar on post-graduate supervision and a full-day<br>symposium on innovation in teaching and learning. Throughout, I was on a steep<br>learning curve and gained so much from colleagues within AUC. I am very<br>grateful for the hospitality and for the opportunity to share ideas. I was also given<br>a tour of your splendid Rare Books Library, its exhibitions and its archive. The<br>latter is a hugely important resource beautifully curated by its staff. Thank you all<br>very much. The following is a brief summary of the talk I gave at the symposium.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost all the problems we now face are collective problems: bigger-than-self-problems that<br>require both collective and global understanding: global warming; decent trade regulations;<br>the protection of the environment and animal species; the future of nuclear energy and the<br>dangers of nuclear weapons; the movement of labour and the establishment of decent labour<br>standards; the protection of children from trafficking, sexual abuse, and forced labour. Such<br>problems can only truly be addressed through multilateral discussions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Globalisation, in other words, presents us not only with economic, political and social<br>challenges, but with a huge hermeneutical challenge: a challenge, that is, to our<br>understanding. How, in a world of seemingly incommensurable difference, are we to engage<br>in conversations that are both constitutive of, and conditional upon, shared understanding?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That was the kind of question that the German philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer was<br>seeking to address. Gadamer\u2019s life spanned the long 20th century. Born in 1900 he lived till<br>2004, thereby surviving WWI, the rise of Nazism, WWII and the Cold War. His 1960<br>magnum opus \u2013 Truth and Method \u2013 reshaped the way in which we conceive of<br>understanding and established hermeneutics as a major philosophical field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Three big but beautifully simple ideas shaped his thinking: the idea of &#8216;the fusion of horizons&#8217; &#8211; how understanding always entails an element of mutuality and reciprocity; the notion of<br>what he calls &#8216;the power of prejudice&#8217; &#8211; how we import ourselves into any attempt at<br>understanding; and the idea that understanding is always &#8216;beyond method&#8217; &#8211; that it involves<br>what he called &#8216;the hermeneutical imagination&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Threading through these ideas is his insistence on what he calls &#8216;the primacy of the question&#8217;:<br>an emphasis that takes us beyond &#8216;the Socratic method&#8217; as a pedagogical tool and towards a<br>theory of learning that places &#8216;the learner as questioner&#8217; at the heart of the educational project.<br>Understanding, he argues, lies in the formulation and articulation of the question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What would higher education look like if it were framed on Gadamerian principles?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>it would place the student as questioner at the heart of the educative process;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>it would privilege dialogue and interchange;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>it would insist on the provisionality of understanding and the importance of acknowledging what falls outside the parameters of our existing understanding;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>it would highlight the indeterminacy of the outcomes of understanding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>So, let\u2019s unpack those four themes and open them up for discussion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The primacy of the question \u2026<\/em><br>If to understand something is, as Gadamer suggests, to articulate the questions it asks of us,<br>then we require pedagogies that recognise students as questioning agents: pedagogies that<br>enable students to grasp for themselves the unique \u2018questionableness of something\u2019<br>(Gadamer&#8217;s phrase). We then need to ask whether even our more progressive pedagogies<br>measure up to the task: Who asks the questions? Whose questions matter? Are \u2018open\u2019<br>questions valued as highly as \u2018closed\u2019 questions? How, through our own questioning, can we<br>encourage students to become their own questioners? When \u2013 if at all \u2013 do we acknowledge<br>our students\u2019 ability to ask questions rather than answer them?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The centrality of dialogue \u2026<\/em><br>If, as Gadamer again suggests, understanding is a conversational process \u2013 not just<br>metaphorically but in practice \u2013 then we require pedagogies that encourage and acknowledge<br>reciprocity and mutuality, listening and recognition, and the willingness to maintain openness<br>rather than closure. We need pedagogies that enable students to think together in dialogue.<br>That then poses further questions: To what extent do we encourage students to think together<br>and to share their insights and understandings? How do we recognise and acknowledge this<br>dialogical element within our assessment regimes? When \u2013 if at all \u2013 do we model ways of<br>thinking together in our own teaching?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The principle of provisionality \u2026<\/em><br>If, following Gadamer\u2019s lead, we see understanding as framed by ever-shifting and everstretching horizons, then we require pedagogies that acknowledge both the provisionality and<br>boundlessness of human understanding: pedagogies for understanding-not-yet-finished.<br>Questions that go to the heart of what we mean by \u2018lifelong learning\u2019 then follow: How do<br>we enable students to acknowledge the provisionality \u2013 and uncertainty \u2013 of human<br>understanding while also discovering purposeful trajectories and imaginaries? What<br>dispositions and qualities are required of them and of us? When \u2013 if at all \u2013 do we address the<br>ontological insecurities that are inherent in the very notion of \u2018understanding-not-yetfinished\u2019?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The indeterminacy of outcome \u2026<\/em><br>Finally, if understanding cannot be reduced to method but always involves an element of<br>what Gadamer calls \u2018hermeneutical imagination\u2019, then we require pedagogies that<br>acknowledge intuition and inference, celebrate the surprising and the unexpected, and<br>encourage speculation and risk-taking. We need pedagogies that operate outside the<br>managerial frame of pre-specified outcomes and identifiable targets. Among the questions<br>that then arise are: Would we recognise a significant but unexpected learning outcome if it<br>occurred? Do such outcomes figure in our assessment routines and audit procedures? When \u2013<br>if at all \u2013 do we value and acknowledge the surprising and unexpected when it occurs within<br>our tutorials, seminar rooms and lecture halls?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Such questions point towards a pedagogy that is both innovative and grounded in a notion of<br>understanding as shared endeavour: a way of meeting across disciplines and across cultural<br>and religious divides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>To continue the discussion, email: <a href=\"mailto:nixonjon@live.co.uk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">nixonjon@live.co.uk<\/a> or <a href=\"mailto:clt@aucegypt.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">clt@aucegypt.edu<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In early November I spent a wonderful three days in the Centre for Learning andTeaching. The highlights of my visit were my conversations with colleagues, &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":1396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,91,160],"tags":[156],"class_list":["post-1326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-events","category-report","category-volume-14","tag-issue-9"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/MAS_9588.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1326"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1578,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions\/1578"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnhub.aucegypt.edu\/cltnewsletter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}